1、转化法
在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的办法叫做转化法。
1.动词转化为名词
●Letmehaveatry.
让我试一试。
●Theyareonlyallowedtosellsoftdrinksatschool.
在学校里只准许他们供应不含酒精的饮料。
2.名词转化为动词
●Heshoulderedhiswaythroughthecrowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
●Thesmellfromthekitchenmadehismouthwater.
从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3.形容词转化为动词
●Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.
大家要尽力改变大家的生活情况。
●TheytriedTOPerfecttheworkingconditions.
他们努力改变工作条件。
4.形容词转化为名词
●Hedidntknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.
他不辨是非。
●Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.
大家村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5.形容词转化为副词
●Howlonghaveyoulivedthere?
你在那儿住多长时间了？
6.个别词在肯定场所中可转化为名词
●Warmclothesareamustinthemountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是需要的。
●Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.
生活有得意时也有失意时。
●Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.
他的辩论中含有太多的假如和但。
2、合成法
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一块合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其词，知其意。
1.合成名词
●名词/代词+名词newspaperblood-testshe-wolf
●动词+名词typewriterpickpocketdaybreak
●形容词+名词greenhousehighway
●副词+名词overcoatoutside
●名词+v.-ing/v.-ing+名词handwritingreading-roomfreezing-point
●动词+副词/副词+动词breakthroughget-togetheroutbreakoutcome
●名词+介词+名词sister-in-laweditor-in-chief
2.合成形容词
●名词+形容词/形容词+名词world-famousduty-freelarge-scalelong-term
●副词+形容词over-anxiousevergreen
●名词+过去分词man-madesun-burnt
●名词+目前分词peace-lovingEnglish-speaking
●形容词+目前分词good-lookingeasy-going
●副词+过去分词well-informedwidespread
●副词+目前分词hardworkingfar-reaching
●形容词+名词+edwarm-heartedabsent-minded
●数词+名词+edthree-leggedten-storied
●数词+名词one-wayfivestar
●数词+名词+形容词ten-year-old800-meter-long
●名词+to+名词faceto-facedoor-to-door
3.合成动词
●名词+动词baby-sitsleepwalk
●副词+动词outnumberunderestimateoverwork
●形容词+动词whitewash
4.合成副词
●形容词＋名词meanwhileanyway
●形容词＋副词everywhereanyhow
●副词＋副词however
●介词＋名词beforehandoverhead
●介词＋副词forever
5.合成代词
●代词宾格＋self/selvesherselfthemselves
●物主代词＋self/selvesmyselfyourselves
●形容词＋名词anythingnothing
6.合成介词
●副词＋名词insideoutside
●介词＋副词withoutwithin
●副词＋介词into
3、派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与外贸原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1.前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀
●un-unhappyunfinishedundress
●dis-disagreedisbelieve
●in-[il-(在字母l前)，im-(在字母m,b,p前)，ir-(在字母r前)]inaccurateillegalimpoliteimbalanceirregular
●mis-misbehavemisleadmistake
●non-nonsTOPnonsmoker
（2）表示其他意义的前缀
●en-使enrichenlargeencourage
●inter-相互internationalintercontinental
●re-再，又，重rethinkretellrecycle
●tele-远程的telescopetelephonetelegraph
●auto-自动的automaticautomobile
●co-一同coworkercooperatecoexist
●anti-反对，抵抗antiwarantifreezeantinuclear
●multi-多multistorymulticulturalmulticolor
●bi-双，二bicyclebilingualbilateral
●micro-极小的，微小的microwavemicrocomputer
●over-太多，过分overworkoverdooverestimate
●self-自己，本身self-centeredself-confidentself-control
●under-在下面，下的，不足的underline,underground,underestimate,underrate
2.后缀
（1）形容词后缀
●-able可的，具备的acceptabledrinkableknowledgeablereasonable
●-al与有关的physical,magical,political
●-an是某地方的人AmericanAfrican
●-ern方向southern,northern,eastern
●-ful/less（没）有的helpful,useful,homeless,hopeless
●-ish如的；有特点的foolishchildishselfish
●-ive有倾向的activeattractiveexpensive
●-en由制成的goldenwoodenwoolen
●-ous有（性质）的famous,dangerous,poisonous
●-ly有性质的friendlyyearlydaily
●-y构成形容词noisydustycloudy
（2）名词后缀
●-er/or表人或用具farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container
●-ese某国（人）的Chinese,Japanese
●-ian某国、某地人；精通的人musician,Asian,Russian,technician
●-ist某种主义或职业者physicist,scientist,communist，socialist
●-ess表女人，雌性hostess,actress,princess
●-ment行为或其状况government,movement,achievement
●-ness性质，状况illness,sadness,carelessness
●-tion动作，过程，结果invention,organization,translation
●-ance/ence抽象；行为、性质、状况importance,appearance,absence,existence
●-th性质、状况depth,warmth,truth
●-ful（满的）量handful,spoonful,mouthful
●-(a)bility抽象、性质、状况possibility,disability,reliability
●-al过程、状况survival,arrival,approval
●-y性质、状况modesty,delivery,honesty
●-dom处于状况；性质freedom,boredom
●-age状况，行为，身份及其结果courage,storage,marriage
（3）动词后缀
●-fy/ify使得；变得simplify,beautify,purify
●-en使成为；变得shorten,deepen,sadden
●-ize使成为apologize,realize,specialize
（4）副词后缀
●-ly方法，程度freely,truly,angrily
●-ward(s)向towards,forward,upwards
（5）数词后缀
●-teen十几fourteen,eighteen,thirteen
●-ty整十位数forty,fifty,sixty
●-th序数词twelfth,twentieth
