Unit1 Art 重点词语、短语 aim n. 目的；目的 vi. vt. 瞄准；(向某方向)努力 typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的 adopt vt. 使用；采纳；收留 possess vt. 拥有；具备；支配 a great deal 很多 attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图 vt. 尝试；企图 on the other hand (可是)其次 predict vt.预言；预告；预测 specific adj.确切的；特定的 appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt. 将上诉 n. 呼吁；恳求 appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)有兴趣 重点句型 1.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破传统画法的画家里有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 2.序数词the first/the second/the last(＋ sb.) ＋ to do是一种容易见到结构，表示最早、2、最后做某事的人，其中的不定式作后置定语；假如主语和不定式之间有被动关系，不定式应用被动结构to be done。 比如： My monitor is always the first to come to school and the last to leave. 我的班长一直第一个到校、最后一个离开。 To tell the truth, he was the last person to be met with by the manager. 说实话，他是最后一个被经理接见的人。 3.It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that...是一种容易见到句型，表示让人吃惊、震撼、惊讶等，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句作句子的真的主语。这种句型可以用to ones amazement/surprise/astonishment/shock 这类短语作状语来改写。 It is surprising that children who are seven years old dont know how to brush ones teeth. 让人吃惊的是，七岁的孩子还不了解如何刷牙。 To our shock, the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths. 令大家震撼的是，这次恐怖爆炸导致了一百多人死亡。 Unit2 Poems 重点词语、短语 concrete adj. 具体的 flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的 take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容 run out of 用完 be made up of 由构成 in particular 特别；特别 eventually adv. 最后；终于 transform vi. vt. 转化；转换；改造变换 appropriate adj. 适合的；正当的 exchange n.交换；交流；互换 vt. vi. 调换；交换 sponsor n. 主办者；倡议者 vt. 发起；举办；倡议 try out 测试；试验 let out 发出；放走 重点句型 1.This is why... 这就是......是什么原因。(强调结果) This is because... 这是由于......(强调缘由) The reason why...is/was that...(......是什么原因......)一般用that引导表语从句。 2.There are various reasons why people write poetry. 大家写诗有着各种各样的原因。 3.The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. （童谣的）语言具体但富有想象力，这能使孩子子们快乐，由于它们押韵，步伐感强,并较多重复。 4.By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. 通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。 5.Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines. 另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的,叫做五行诗。 6.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own. 有了这么多可供选择的诗歌种类,学生们最后或许想自己作诗了。 Unit3 A healthy life 重点词语、短语 abuse n. vt. 滥用；虐待 stress n. 重压；重音 vt. 加重压于；使紧张 ban vt. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令；谴责 due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的 due to 因为 automatic adj. 无意识的；自动的 mental adj. 精神的；智商的 effect n. 结果；效力 strengthen vt. 加大；巩固；使坚强 vi. 变强 decide on 对作出决定 feel like (doing) 想要(做) desperate adj.绝望的，拼命的 disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 ashamed adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的 in spite of 不考虑；不管 take risks (a risk) 冒险 get into 陷入；染上(不好的习惯) at risk 处境危险；遭受危险 awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的 重点句型 1.Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. 每当你想要抽烟的时候，你就提醒你一个人：你（已经）是不抽烟的人了。 every time在这里等于从属连词，连接时间状语从句；remind后面又跟了that引导的宾语从句。 2.Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally sTOP smoking. 即便你非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。 语法总结it的使用方法 1.it可指代前文提到的事物；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的孩子或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都了解的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。 2.it用作形式主语，不定式、动名词或主语从句做真的主语。 It worries me that he keeps changing his mind. 3.it作形式宾语，不定式、动名词或宾语从句做真的宾语。 He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held. 4.表示喜欢、恨等心理方面的动词，后面接it，然后再跟宾语从句，it代指从句所表达的内容。此类动词有hate，dislike，enjoy，appreciate等。 Id appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 5.强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)... 强调句型用来强调谓语动词/定语以外的任何句子成 分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。 (1)强调句用于一般疑问句：Is/Was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。 (2)强调句用于特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋ it＋ that＋其他部分？ (3)在强调缘由状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句 例：It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school yesterday. (4)在强调not...until结构时需要把not与until一块放到被强调的地方上 例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother. (5)怎么分辨是不是是强调句：可把 It，is / was和that 去掉，剩余部分在不增减任何词的状况下还是一个完整的句子，那样这种句子是强调句。 It was in the street that I met her father. In the street I met her father. It was because she was ill that they didnt ask her to do the job. Because she was ill, they didnt ask her to do the job. Unit4 Global warming 重点词语、短语 come about 发生；导致 subscribe to 赞同；订购 quantity n. 量；数目 quantities of 很多的 tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾 vt. 照顾；护理 go up 上升；增长；升起 result in 致使 oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 opposed adj. 反对的；对立的 be opposed to 反对 state vt. 陈述；说明 range n. 类型；范围 even if 即便 keep on 继续 glance vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥 steady adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳定的 steadily adv. 平稳地；持续地 tendency n. 倾向；趋势 widespread adj. 分布广的；常见的 on the whold 大体上；基本上 average adj. 平均的 on behalf of 代表一方；作为的代言人 put up with 忍受；容忍 so long as 只须 an so on 等等 circumstance n. 环境；状况 重点句型 1.All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. 所有些科学家赞同这种看法：大家为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料如煤、天然气和石油，从而引起了地球温度的升高。 2.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 这意味着更多的热量被困在大方层中，从而引起全球温度上升。 3.It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. 是一位名叫查尔斯基林的科学家过去把1957-1997年期间大方层中二氧化碳的含量作了精准的统计。 4.They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他们还赞同下述看法，正是燃烧愈加多的化石燃料致使了二氧化碳的增加。 5.On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. 其次，还有一些人，像科学家乔治汉布利，反对上面的看法，他们觉得大家不必担忧空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。 Unit5 The power of the nature 重点词语、短语 alongside adv.在旁边；沿着边 prep. 在旁边；沿着的边 appoint vt. 任命；委派 wave n. 波浪；波涛 vi. 波动；起伏；挥手 absolute adj. 绝对的；完全的 absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地 suit n. 一套外衣；套装 vt. 合适；使适合 make ones way 前往 potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能 adj. 可能的；潜在的 actual adj. 实在的；实质的 shoot (shot, shot) vt. 射中；射伤 anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的 anxiety n. 担忧；焦虑；渴望 panic (panicked, panicked) vi. vt. 惊慌 n. 惊慌；恐慌 glance through 匆匆看一遍 vary fromto 由到不等 guarantee vt. 保证；担保 重点句型 1.I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. 我睡得正酣，正在这个时候我的床开始晃动，我听到一种奇怪的声音，就像一列火车正从我窗外驶过。 2.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the TOP and watched them. 另外两人攀下火山口去采集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是首次历程如此的事，所以留在山顶上察看他们。 句中的this being my first experience为独立主格结构。 3.Its said that... 表示据了解......，可以替换为Sb is said to...，其中的不定式可以有多种形式(一般时、完成时、被动语态)。 It is said that another typhoon will come soon.＝ Another typhoon is said to come soon. 据了解又要来台风了 It is said that his father-in-law has been infected with 人工智能DS.＝ His father-in-law is said to have been infected with 人工智能DS. 据了解他岳父感染了艾滋病。 语法总结动词ing形式 动名词 动词的ing形式若是名词，这种形式叫做动名词。动名词具备名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 1、 动名词的四种形式及其意义 1.基本形式：doing （表示主动） 2.被动式：being done（表示被动） 3.完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） 4.完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） 比如： Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在将来，普通人在太空旅游将会是常见的事情。 Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy和他的乐队到哪儿都被他们的粉跟着。 I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you. 我不了解他做过如此一件违背你的事情。 Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop. 不少客户抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。 2、 动名词的语法功能 动名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 Learning English is very difficult .（作主语） 学英语很不简单。 I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语） 我喜欢跳舞。 I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语） 我已经习惯了住农村。 His job is driving a bus.（作表语） 他的工作是开车。 The washing mashine woks well.（作定语） 这台洗衣机很好使。 3、 需要注意的地方 1.只接动名词（不可以接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词 practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit 2.既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不一样的8个动词 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做） remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做） regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做） regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做） try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 mean to do sth. 计划做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 cant help to do sth. 不可以帮助做某事 cant help doing sth. 不由自主做某事 go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 sTOP to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 sTOP doing sth. 停下正在做的事情 3.it 做形式主语，动名词做真的主语坐落于句末的要紧句型 It is no use/not any use/hardly any use/useless doing It is no good / not much good doing It is no worthwhile doing It is a waste of time doing 目前分词 1、 目前分词的四种形式及其意义 ①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行） ②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） He sat there，reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal. 这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV. 做完作业后，我开始看电视。 Having been told many times，she still cant remember it. 已经被告诉了不少次，她仍然记不住。 2、 目前分词的语法功能 目前分词在句中可以做表语、定语、状语和补语等。 The story is interesting. 这个故事有趣。 He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语） 他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语） 这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补） 他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。
